![]() Since then the term has been appropriated becoming a corner stone in analytical psychology and an important part of the Jungian lexicon. Jung made use of the numinous to refer to a variety of psychological phenomena that had mostly to do with archetypal manifestations. Finally it explores Otto’s idea of the holy and how his concept of “numinous state of mind” introduced a strong psychological and emotional component into the study of religions. It then moves to the two well-known representatives of this tradition: the American philosopher and psychologist William James (1842-1910) and the German Lutheran theologian Rudolf Otto (1869-1937), both of whom were to have a strong influence on the thought of the Swiss psychiatrist Carl Jung (1875-1961). This paper begins with the notions of “religious experience” inaugurated by the Protestant theologian Friedrich Schleiermacher (1768-1834) whose insistence on the importance of describing it from the subject’s perspective was formative in shaping subsequent studies of religious phenomena. I have only been able to wade into the shallow waters of the seemingly endless ocean of Jung (and Jungian scholarship) in this bibliography, but my hope is that it may serve as an initial orienting map for the significance of Jung in the study of religion. ![]() While some of these distinctions have been eroded by our now thoroughly electrically interconnected global civilization, the contributions made to Jung's thought by Asian religions is considerable, as is their influence on contemporary ("new-age") spirituality, for which Jung serves as a kind of cultural guru figure. However, Asian religions also offered Jung a different cultural psychology with which to contrast (sometimes unnecessarily) that of modern European westerners. He is in this sense a syncretist, trying to coax out the new consciousness contained as a seed within older religious forms, integrating them by reading them through the lens of his psychological theory. Jung is more or less always relating the ideas he sees in religious traditions, both western (Christian) and Asian (Hindu, Buddhist, Daoist), to his own emerging psychological-metaphysical theory (which he will be quick to qualify isn't really metaphysical, even though it is), which is his primary concern. This parallels Jung's dual aims of creating a psychological theory and helping his patients individuate while also prophesizing and proclaiming the emergence of a qualitatively new religious consciousness. In his writings on religion and its relationship to psychology it is evident that these experiences served as the foundation for Jung's theoretical work, which exhibits a dyadic structure that oscillates (and often bridges the gap) between the metaphysical and the psychological. The majority of Jung's own experiences are recorded in The Red Book and his auto/biography, Memories, Dreams, Reflections, as well as the forthcoming Black Books, which I have not had the opportunity to include here. In this bibliographical essay, I have attempted to chart a course into the religious dimensions of Jung's thought, focusing on his relationship to his own mystical experiences and to the religious ideas to which he was drawn in the endeavor to clarify what such experiences meant in the context of his psychology. Key Words: consciousness, depth psychology, self-report, soul, spirituality, transpersonal psychology This way we will insure that we have examined our research question or problem in the fullest context of psychospiritual experience of the person and the person in society. ![]() The purpose of this article is to conceptualize and understand the psychological landscape of religion and spirituality as an axis connecting inner personal experience with manifestation of the personality in the outer world. Together these two subfields can best observe and assess the outer landscape of personality and the inner landscape of the psyche – of consciousness. It establishes depth psychology as fundamental, in addition to personality psychology and in relation to it, to understanding the spiritual “inner landscape” of the person. ![]() This article describes the relationship of spirituality and religion within psychology. The relationship of psychology and religion has been established in the psychology of religion, and has been given some consideration in pastoral counseling, spiritual direction, and transpersonal psychology. ![]() Spirituality should be established within the field of psychology at the core of the individual life and human process, so at the core of the therapeutic process. ![]()
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